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71
Makefile
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71
Makefile
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# === Config ===
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TARGET := boot/espresso.bin
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ISO := boot/espresso.iso
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CC := i686-elf-gcc
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AS := i686-elf-as
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NASM := nasm
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NASMFLAGS := -f elf32
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CFLAGS := -std=gnu99 -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra -msse
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LDFLAGS := -T linker.ld -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib
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SRC_DIRS := kernel drivers src lib
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INCLUDE_DIRS := include
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INCLUDES := $(addprefix -I, $(INCLUDE_DIRS))
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ISO_DIR := isodir
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BOOT_DIR := $(ISO_DIR)/boot
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GRUB_DIR := $(BOOT_DIR)/grub
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GRUB_CFG := grub.cfg
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# === File collection ===
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C_SRCS := $(foreach dir, $(SRC_DIRS), $(shell find $(dir) -name '*.c'))
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S_SRCS := boot.s crti.s crtn.s misc_asm.s
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NASM_SRCS := idt.asm isr128.asm gdt.asm isr_stub_table.asm
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CRTI_OBJ := crti.o
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CRTBEGIN_OBJ := $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=crtbegin.o)
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CRTEND_OBJ := $(shell $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -print-file-name=crtend.o)
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CRTN_OBJ := crtn.o
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OBJS := $(C_SRCS:.c=.o) $(S_SRCS:.s=.o) $(NASM_SRCS:.asm=.o)
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OBJ_LINK_LIST := $(CRTI_OBJ) $(CRTBEGIN_OBJ) $(OBJS) $(CRTEND_OBJ) $(CRTN_OBJ)
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INTERNAL_OBJS := $(CRTI_OBJ) $(OBJS) $(CRTN_OBJ)
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# === Build all targets ===
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build: all iso run clean
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# === Default target ===
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all: $(TARGET)
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# === Linking ===
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$(TARGET): boot.o $(filter-out boot.o, $(OBJ_LINK_LIST))
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ -lgcc
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# === Compiling C files ===
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%.o: %.c
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$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -c $< -o $@
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# === Assembling S files ===
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%.o: %.s
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$(AS) $< -o $@
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%.o: %.asm
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$(NASM) $(NASMFLAGS) $< -o $@
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# === ISO generation ===
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iso: $(TARGET)
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@grub-file --is-x86-multiboot $(TARGET) && echo "multiboot confirmed" || (echo "not multiboot" && exit 1)
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mkdir -p $(GRUB_DIR)
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cp $(TARGET) $(BOOT_DIR)/
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cp $(GRUB_CFG) $(GRUB_DIR)/
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grub-mkrescue -o $(ISO) $(ISO_DIR)
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# === Run in QEMU ===
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run: iso
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qemu-system-i386 -kernel $(TARGET) -drive file=espresso.img,format=raw,if=ide,readonly=off,rerror=report,werror=report -cpu qemu32,sse2 #-singlestep
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# === Clean all build artifacts ===
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clean:
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rm -f $(INTERNAL_OBJS) $(TARGET) $(ISO)
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rm -rf $(ISO_DIR)
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.PHONY: all clean iso run
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10
isr128.asm
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10
isr128.asm
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[bits 32]
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global isr128
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extern isr_handler
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extern common_isr_stub
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isr128:
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cli
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push dword 0 ; No error code
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push dword 128 ; Interrupt number
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jmp common_isr_stub
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85
isr_stub_table.asm
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85
isr_stub_table.asm
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[bits 32]
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global isr_stub_table
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global isr0, isr1, isr2, isr3, isr4, isr5, isr6, isr7
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global isr8, isr9, isr10, isr11, isr12, isr13, isr14, isr15
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global isr16, isr17, isr18, isr19, isr20, isr21, isr22, isr23
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global isr24, isr25, isr26, isr27, isr28, isr29, isr30, isr31
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extern isr_handler
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extern _push_regs
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extern _pop_regs
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%macro ISR_NOERR 1
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isr%1:
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cli
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push dword 0 ; Fake error code
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push dword %1 ; Interrupt number
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jmp isr_common_stub
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%endmacro
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%macro ISR_ERR 1
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isr%1:
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cli
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push dword %1 ; Interrupt number
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jmp isr_common_stub
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%endmacro
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; ISRs 0-31 (exceptions)
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ISR_NOERR 0
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ISR_NOERR 1
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ISR_NOERR 2
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ISR_NOERR 3
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ISR_NOERR 4
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ISR_NOERR 5
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ISR_NOERR 6
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ISR_NOERR 7
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ISR_ERR 8 ; Double fault
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ISR_NOERR 9
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ISR_ERR 10 ; Invalid TSS
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ISR_ERR 11 ; Segment not present
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ISR_ERR 12 ; Stack segment fault
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ISR_ERR 13 ; General protection fault
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ISR_ERR 14 ; Page fault
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ISR_NOERR 15
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ISR_NOERR 16
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ISR_NOERR 17
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ISR_NOERR 18
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ISR_NOERR 19
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ISR_NOERR 20
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ISR_NOERR 21
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ISR_NOERR 22
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ISR_NOERR 23
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ISR_NOERR 24
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ISR_NOERR 25
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ISR_NOERR 26
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ISR_NOERR 27
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ISR_NOERR 28
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ISR_NOERR 29
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ISR_ERR 30 ; Security exception
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ISR_NOERR 31
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isr_common_stub:
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call _push_regs
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push ds
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push es
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push fs
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push gs
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mov ax, 0x10
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mov ds, ax
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mov es, ax
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mov fs, ax
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mov gs, ax
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push esp
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call isr_handler
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add esp, 4
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pop gs
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pop fs
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pop es
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pop ds
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call _pop_regs
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add esp, 8
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sti
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iret
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71
linker.ld
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71
linker.ld
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/* The bootloader will look at this image and start execution at the symbol
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designated as the entry point. */
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ENTRY(_start)
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/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
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kernel image. */
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SECTIONS
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{
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/* It used to be universally recommended to use 1M as a start offset,
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as it was effectively guaranteed to be available under BIOS systems.
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However, UEFI has made things more complicated, and experimental data
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strongly suggests that 2M is a safer place to load. In 2016, a new
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feature was introduced to the multiboot2 spec to inform bootloaders
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that a kernel can be loaded anywhere within a range of addresses and
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will be able to relocate itself to run from such a loader-selected
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address, in order to give the loader freedom in selecting a span of
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memory which is verified to be available by the firmware, in order to
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work around this issue. This does not use that feature, so 2M was
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chosen as a safer option than the traditional 1M. */
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. = 2M;
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/* First put the multiboot header, as it is required to be put very early
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in the image or the bootloader won't recognize the file format.
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Next we'll put the .text section. */
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.text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
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{
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KEEP(*(.multiboot))
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*(.text)
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}
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/* Read-only data. */
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.rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
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{
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*(.rodata)
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}
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/* Read-write data (initialized) */
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.data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
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{
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*(.data)
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}
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/* Read-write data (uninitialized) and stack */
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.bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
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{
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*(COMMON)
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*(.bss)
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}
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/* Include the list of initialization functions sorted. */
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.init_array :
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{
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crti.o(.init_array)
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KEEP (*(SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(crti.o crtn.o) .init_array.*)))
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KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(crti.o crtn.o) .init_array))
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crtn.o(.init_array)
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}
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/* Include the list of termination functions sorted. */
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.fini_array :
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{
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crti.o(.fini_array)
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KEEP (*(SORT(EXCLUDE_FILE(crti.o crtn.o) .fini_array.*)))
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KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE(crti.o crtn.o) .fini_array))
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crtn.o(.fini_array)
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}
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/* The compiler may produce other sections, by default it will put them in
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a segment with the same name. Simply add stuff here as needed. */
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}
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62
misc_asm.s
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62
misc_asm.s
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/*
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A bunch of functions I could have written in C (or not), but decided not to,
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Mostly so I could get more experience in assembler.
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*/
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/*
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DO NOT USE "pusha" AND/OR "popa"!!!
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THEY ARE DEPRECATED (or something like that)
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AND SHOULD NOT BE USED!!!
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INSTEAD PUSH/POP REGISTERS ON/OFF THE STACK INDIVIDUALLY!!!
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*/
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.section .text
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.global _enable_paging_asm
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.global _push_regs
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.global _pop_regs
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.global _hang_asm
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_enable_paging_asm:
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push %eax
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mov %cr0, %eax
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or $0x80000000, %eax
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mov %eax, %cr0
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pop %eax
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ret
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_push_regs:
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push %eax
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push %ebx
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push %ecx
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push %edx
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push %esi
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push %edi
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push %esp
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push %ebp
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ret
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_pop_regs:
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pop %ebp
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pop %esp
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pop %edi
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pop %esi
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pop %edx
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pop %ecx
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pop %ebx
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pop %eax
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ret
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_hang_asm:
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hlt
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jmp _hang_asm
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.section .data
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